Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Create and run a Julia solver benchmark#
This example shows how to add a Julia solver in a simple benchmark using benchopt’s helpers to call Julia code from Python.
The benchmark objective is a simple minimization task:
\[\min_{\hat{X}} \; \mathrm{MSE}(X, \hat{X})\]
We define:
a Python
Objectivethat evaluates MSE betweenXandX_hat;a Python
Datasetthat generates a random matrixX;two solvers:
Python-GDimplemented in Python;Julia-GDimplemented in Julia and called throughJuliaSolver.
At the end, we run the benchmark and display the comparison.
# Import example helpers to define the benchmark and
# programmatically call the CLI.
from benchopt.helpers.run_examples import ExampleBenchmark
from benchopt.helpers.run_examples import benchopt_cli
from benchopt.helpers.run_examples import EXAMPLES_ROOT
First, we define the initial Python benchmark, based on the benchmark
examples/minimal_benchmark. It contains an objective.py file,
a simulated dataset and a full python solver based on gradient descent.
benchmark = ExampleBenchmark(
base="minimal_benchmark", name="julia_solver",
ignore=["custom_plot.py", "example_config.yml"]
)
benchmark
"from benchopt import BaseObjective import numpy as np class Objective(BaseObjective): # Name of the Objective function name = 'Quadratic' # The three methods below define the links between the Dataset, # the Objective and the Solver. def set_data(self, X): """Set the data from a Dataset to compute the objective. The argument are the keys of the dictionary returned by ``Dataset.get_data``. """ self.X = X def get_objective(self): "Returns a dict passed to ``Solver.set_objective`` method." return dict(X=self.X) def evaluate_result(self, X_hat): """Compute the objective value(s) given the output of a solver. The arguments are the keys in the dictionary returned by ``Solver.get_result``. """ return dict(value=np.linalg.norm(self.X - X_hat)) def get_one_result(self): """Return one solution for which the objective can be evaluated. This function is mostly used for testing and debugging purposes. """ return dict(X_hat=1)from benchopt import BaseDataset import numpy as np class Dataset(BaseDataset): # Name of the Dataset, used to select it in the CLI name = 'simulated' # ``get_data()`` is the only method a dataset should implement. def get_data(self): """Load the data for this Dataset. Usually, the data are either loaded from disk as arrays or Tensors, or a dataset/dataloader object is used to allow the models to load the data in more flexible forms (e.g. with mini-batches). The dictionary's keys are the kwargs passed to ``Objective.set_data``. """ return dict(X=np.random.randn(10, 2))from benchopt import BaseSolver import numpy as np class Solver(BaseSolver): # Name of the Solver, used to select it in the CLI name = 'gd' # By default, benchopt will evaluate the result of a method after various # number of iterations. Setting the sampling_strategy controls how this is # done. Here, we use a callback function that is called at each iteration. sampling_strategy = 'callback' # Parameters of the method, that will be tested by the benchmark. # Each parameter ``param_name`` will be accessible as ``self.param_name``. parameters = {'lr': [1e-3, 1e-2]} # The three methods below define the necessary methods for the Solver, to # get the info from the Objective, to run the method and to return a # result that can be evaluated by the Objective. def set_objective(self, X): """Set the info from a Objective, to run the method. This method is also typically used to adapt the solver's parameters to the data (e.g. scaling) or to initialize the algorithm. The kwargs are the keys of the dictionary returned by ``Objective.get_objective``. """ self.X = X self.X_hat = np.zeros_like(X) def run(self, cb): """Run the actual method to benchmark. Here, as we use a "callback", we need to call it at each iteration to evaluate the result as the procedure progresses. The callback implements a stopping mechanism, based on the number of iterations, the time and the evoluation of the performances. """ while cb(): self.X_hat = self.X_hat - self.lr * (self.X_hat - self.X) def get_result(self): """Format the output of the method to be evaluated in the Objective. Returns a dict which is passed to ``Objective.evaluate_result`` method. """ return {'X_hat': self.X_hat}#loaded from minimal_benchmark/config.yml plot_configs: Subopt. (log): plot_kind: objective_curve scale: loglog Runtimes: plot_kind: bar_chart
We can now add solver in Julia with the same algorithm.
To do this, we create a new file julia_gd.py that defines a solver based
on the JuliaSolver class. This class provides helpers to call Julia code
from Python, and to define the dependencies of the solver.
The Julia code is defined in a separate file julia_gd.jl, that is loaded
and called from the Python solver.
JULIA_SOLVER = EXAMPLES_ROOT / "language_solvers" / "julia_gd.py"
JULIA_SOLVER_PY = JULIA_SOLVER.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
JULIA_SOLVER_JL = JULIA_SOLVER.with_suffix(".jl").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
benchmark.update(
solvers={"julia_gd.py": JULIA_SOLVER_PY, "julia_gd.jl": JULIA_SOLVER_JL},
)
"We now update the following files:
from pathlib import Path from benchopt.helpers.julia import JuliaSolver from benchopt.helpers.julia import get_jl_interpreter JULIA_SOLVER_FILE = str(Path(__file__).with_suffix('.jl')) class Solver(JuliaSolver): name = "Julia-GD" sampling_strategy = "iteration" parameters = {"lr": [1e-3, 1e-2]} requirements = [ "https://repo.prefix.dev/julia-forge::julia", "pip::julia", ] def set_objective(self, X): self.X = X jl = get_jl_interpreter() self.julia_gd = jl.include(JULIA_SOLVER_FILE) def warm_up(self): # Make sure we don't account for the Julia loading time in the # first iteration of the benchmark. self.julia_gd(self.X, self.lr, 20) def run(self, n_iter): # Here we cannot call a python callback, so we call iteratively # the solver with a growing number of iterations. self.X_hat = self.julia_gd(self.X, self.lr, n_iter) def get_result(self): return dict(X_hat=self.X_hat)using Core function gradient_descent(X, lr, n_iter) X_hat = zeros(size(X)) for i ∈ 1:n_iter grad = X_hat - X X_hat -= lr * grad end return X_hat end
In order to load the Julia interpreter, we use get_jl_interpreter. This
function returns a Julia object from PyJulia, that can be used to
interact with Julia. In particular, we can use the include method to load
a Julia file and retrieve the functions defined in it as attributes of the
returned object.
Note that the Julia solver cannot call a Python callback to report intermediate results, so we call iteratively the Julia solver with a growing number of iterations to be able to report the curve of the convergence.
To be able to run this benchmark, we need to install its dependencies. We can
do this with benchopt install, using with the -s option which allow
to select only this solver if multiple solvers are present. If Julia is not
available in your environment, this command will use conda to install it.
benchopt_cli(f"install {benchmark.benchmark_dir} -s julia-gd")
$ benchopt install temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver -s julia-gd
Installing 'julia_solver' requirements
# Install
Collecting packages:
- Quadratic: already available ✓
- Julia-GD: collected ✓
done
Installing required packages for:
- Julia-GD
...Channels:
- conda-forge
- https://repo.prefix.dev/julia-forge
Platform: linux-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): ...working... done
Solving environment: ...working... done
Downloading and Extracting Packages: ...working... done
Preparing transaction: ...working... done
Verifying transaction: ...working... done
Executing transaction: ...working... done
Installing pip dependencies: ...working... Ran pip subprocess with arguments:
['/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python', '-m', 'pip',
'install', '-U', '-r', '/tmp/condaenv.pynh4t6b.requirements.txt',
'--exists-action=b']
Pip subprocess output:
Collecting julia (from -r /tmp/condaenv.pynh4t6b.requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading julia-0.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.4 kB)
Downloading julia-0.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (68 kB)
Installing collected packages: julia
Successfully installed julia-0.6.2
done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate benchopt-docs
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
done
- Checking installed packages... done
Then, we can run the benchmark and show the comparison.
benchopt_cli(f"run {benchmark.benchmark_dir} -n 20 -r 4")
$ benchopt run temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver -n 20 -r 4
Benchopt is running!
Loading objective, datasets and solvers... done.
simulated
|--Quadratic
No seed was specified. Selected global seed: 0
|--gd[lr=0.001]: done (not enough run)
|--gd[lr=0.01]: done (not enough run)
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Error: `import PyCall` failed
│ exception =
│ ArgumentError: Package PyCall [438e738f-606a-5dbb-bf0a-cddfbfd45ab0] is
required but does not seem to be installed:
│ - Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
│
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] __require_prelocked(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2717
│ [2] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2597
│ [3] _require_prelocked
│ @ ./loading.jl:2591 [inlined]
│ [4] macro expansion
│ @ ./lock.jl:376 [inlined]
│ [5] __require(uuidkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2589
│ [6] require(uuidkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2587
│ [7] top-level scope
│ @
~/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/julia/install.jl:3
6
│ [8] include(mod::Module, _path::String)
│ @ Base ./Base.jl:309
│ [9] exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
│ @ Base ./client.jl:344
│ [10] _start()
│ @ Base ./client.jl:577
└ @ Main
~/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/julia/install.jl:3
8
[ Info: Installing PyCall...
Installing known registries into `~/.julia`
Added `General` registry to ~/.julia/registries
Resolving package versions...
Installed PyCall ────────── v1.96.4
Installed VersionParsing ── v1.3.0
Installed Conda ─────────── v1.10.3
Installed Preferences ───── v1.6.0
Installed Parsers ───────── v3.0.0
Installed StructUtils ───── v2.9.2
Installed JSON ──────────── v1.9.0
Installed PrecompileTools ─ v1.3.4
Installed MacroTools ────── v0.5.16
Updating `~/.julia/environments/v1.13/Project.toml`
[438e738f] + PyCall v1.96.4
Updating `~/.julia/environments/v1.13/Manifest.toml`
[8f4d0f93] + Conda v1.10.3
[682c06a0] + JSON v1.9.0
[1914dd2f] + MacroTools v0.5.16
[69de0a69] + Parsers v3.0.0
[aea7be01] + PrecompileTools v1.3.4
[21216c6a] + Preferences v1.6.0
[438e738f] + PyCall v1.96.4
[ec057cc2] + StructUtils v2.9.2
[81def892] + VersionParsing v1.3.0
[0dad84c5] + ArgTools v1.1.2
[56f22d72] + Artifacts v1.11.0
[ade2ca70] + Dates v1.11.0
[f43a241f] + Downloads v1.7.0
[7b1f6079] + FileWatching v1.11.0
[b27032c2] + LibCURL v1.0.0
[8f399da3] + Libdl v1.11.0
[37e2e46d] + LinearAlgebra v1.13.0
[56ddb016] + Logging v1.11.0
[ca575930] + NetworkOptions v1.3.0
[de0858da] + Printf v1.11.0
[9a3f8284] + Random v1.11.0
[ea8e919c] + SHA v1.0.0
[9e88b42a] + Serialization v1.11.0
[fa267f1f] + TOML v1.0.3
[cf7118a7] + UUIDs v1.11.0
[4ec0a83e] + Unicode v1.11.0
[e66e0078] + CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.5.5+2
[deac9b47] + LibCURL_jll v8.18.0+1
[29816b5a] + LibSSH2_jll v1.11.103+0
[14a3606d] + MozillaCACerts_jll v2026.8.13
[4536629a] + OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.30+0
[458c3c95] + OpenSSL_jll v3.5.6+0
[83775a58] + Zlib_jll v1.3.1+2
[3161d3a3] + Zstd_jll v1.5.7+1
[8e850b90] + libblastrampoline_jll v5.15.0+0
[8e850ede] + nghttp2_jll v1.67.1+0
Building Conda ─→
`~/.julia/scratchspaces/44cfe95a-1eb2-52ea-b672-e2afdf69b78f/8f06b0cfa4c514c7b
9546756dbae91fcfbc92dc9/build.log`
Building PyCall →
`~/.julia/scratchspaces/44cfe95a-1eb2-52ea-b672-e2afdf69b78f/9816a3826b0ebf49a
b4926e2b18842ad8b5c8f04/build.log`
Precompiling packages...
1.0 s ✓ VersionParsing
1.4 s ✓ Preferences
1.5 s ✓ StructUtils
0.7 s ✓ PrecompileTools
3.1 s ✓ MacroTools
35.1 s ✓ Parsers
15.6 s ✓ JSON
0.9 s ✓ Conda
16.2 s ✓ PyCall
9 dependencies successfully precompiled in 70 seconds. 19 already
precompiled.
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
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0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (741.78125 MB free)
Uptime: 182.03 sec
Load Avg: 7.42 13.61 16.57
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Precompiling PyCall...
Precompiling PyCall... DONE
PyCall is installed and built successfully.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 525, in __init__
self._call("const PyCall = Base.require({0})".format(PYCALL_PKGID))
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 561, in _call
self.check_exception(src)
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 615, in check_exception
raise JuliaError(u'Exception \'{}\' occurred while calling julia
code:\n{}'
julia.core.JuliaError: Exception 'LoadError' occurred while calling julia
code:
const PyCall =
Base.require(Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("438e738f-606a-5dbb-bf0a-cddfbfd45ab0"),
"PyCall"))
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.001]: error
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Info: PyCall is already installed and compatible with Python executable.
│
│ PyCall:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
│ libpython:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
│ Python:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
└ libpython:
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
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0 s
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#1 0 MHz 1267 s 183 s 247 s 6547 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1335 s 138 s 255 s 6502 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1370 s 203 s 257 s 6413 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1329 s 199 s 250 s 6471 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1316 s 258 s 253 s 6428 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 224 s 235 s 6511 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1338 s 230 s 244 s 6446 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1317 s 215 s 249 s 6470 s
0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (559.5390625 MB free)
Uptime: 326.2 sec
Load Avg: 13.28 12.37 15.6
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 544, in __init__
self.eval("include")(
RuntimeError: <exception str() failed>
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.001]: error
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Info: PyCall is already installed and compatible with Python executable.
│
│ PyCall:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
│ libpython:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
│ Python:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
└ libpython:
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1118 s 164 s 258 s 6501 s
0 s
#2 0 MHz 1208 s 224 s 292 s 6453 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1349 s 333 s 251 s 6314 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 245 s 300 s 6400 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1362 s 356 s 286 s 6252 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1269 s 358 s 294 s 6330 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1331 s 346 s 299 s 6267 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1291 s 349 s 247 s 6389 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1325 s 342 s 249 s 6349 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1334 s 296 s 262 s 6369 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1411 s 352 s 259 s 6252 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1328 s 265 s 257 s 6406 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1314 s 313 s 260 s 6390 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1306 s 355 s 250 s 6367 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1340 s 335 s 254 s 6339 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1345 s 404 s 249 s 6275 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1374 s 260 s 270 s 6351 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1325 s 323 s 256 s 6369 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1782 s 326 s 231 s 5941 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1322 s 346 s 322 s 6261 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1350 s 277 s 269 s 6379 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1534 s 232 s 297 s 6176 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1360 s 329 s 281 s 6277 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1266 s 248 s 292 s 6445 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1366 s 278 s 293 s 6298 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1346 s 183 s 255 s 6431 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1343 s 176 s 264 s 6468 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1425 s 218 s 261 s 6336 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1271 s 183 s 247 s 6547 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 138 s 255 s 6506 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1370 s 203 s 257 s 6417 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1330 s 199 s 250 s 6475 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1320 s 258 s 253 s 6428 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 224 s 235 s 6515 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1338 s 230 s 244 s 6450 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1317 s 215 s 249 s 6474 s
0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (488.03515625 MB free)
Uptime: 330.55 sec
Load Avg: 12.69 12.26 15.55
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 544, in __init__
self.eval("include")(
RuntimeError: <exception str() failed>
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.001]: error
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Info: PyCall is already installed and compatible with Python executable.
│
│ PyCall:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
│ libpython:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
│ Python:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
└ libpython:
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1118 s 164 s 258 s 6503 s
0 s
#2 0 MHz 1208 s 224 s 293 s 6455 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1349 s 333 s 251 s 6317 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 245 s 301 s 6402 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1362 s 356 s 286 s 6254 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 358 s 294 s 6332 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1331 s 346 s 299 s 6269 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 349 s 247 s 6390 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1326 s 342 s 250 s 6350 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1335 s 296 s 262 s 6371 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1411 s 352 s 259 s 6254 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1329 s 265 s 258 s 6407 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1314 s 313 s 260 s 6393 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1307 s 355 s 250 s 6369 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1340 s 335 s 254 s 6341 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1345 s 404 s 249 s 6277 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1375 s 260 s 270 s 6353 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1326 s 323 s 256 s 6371 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1783 s 326 s 231 s 5943 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1323 s 346 s 322 s 6262 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1350 s 277 s 269 s 6381 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1534 s 232 s 297 s 6179 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1360 s 329 s 281 s 6279 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1268 s 248 s 292 s 6446 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1367 s 278 s 293 s 6300 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1346 s 183 s 255 s 6434 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1344 s 176 s 264 s 6470 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1425 s 218 s 261 s 6338 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1272 s 183 s 247 s 6549 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 138 s 255 s 6509 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1370 s 203 s 257 s 6420 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1330 s 199 s 250 s 6477 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1323 s 258 s 254 s 6428 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1293 s 224 s 235 s 6516 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1338 s 230 s 244 s 6453 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1317 s 215 s 249 s 6476 s
0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (488.54296875 MB free)
Uptime: 333.18 sec
Load Avg: 12.32 12.19 15.51
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 544, in __init__
self.eval("include")(
RuntimeError: <exception str() failed>
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.001]: error
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Info: PyCall is already installed and compatible with Python executable.
│
│ PyCall:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
│ libpython:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
│ Python:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
└ libpython:
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1119 s 164 s 258 s 6505 s
0 s
#2 0 MHz 1208 s 224 s 293 s 6458 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1350 s 333 s 251 s 6319 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 245 s 301 s 6405 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1362 s 356 s 286 s 6257 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 358 s 294 s 6335 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1331 s 346 s 299 s 6272 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 349 s 247 s 6393 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1327 s 342 s 250 s 6352 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1335 s 296 s 262 s 6373 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1411 s 352 s 259 s 6257 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1329 s 265 s 258 s 6410 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1314 s 313 s 260 s 6396 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1307 s 355 s 250 s 6372 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1341 s 335 s 254 s 6344 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1345 s 404 s 249 s 6280 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1375 s 260 s 270 s 6356 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1326 s 323 s 256 s 6373 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1784 s 326 s 231 s 5945 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1325 s 346 s 322 s 6262 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1351 s 277 s 269 s 6382 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1534 s 232 s 297 s 6181 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1361 s 329 s 281 s 6281 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1268 s 248 s 292 s 6448 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1367 s 278 s 293 s 6303 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1346 s 183 s 255 s 6436 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1344 s 176 s 264 s 6473 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1425 s 218 s 261 s 6341 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1272 s 183 s 247 s 6551 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 138 s 255 s 6511 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1371 s 203 s 257 s 6422 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1331 s 199 s 250 s 6479 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1325 s 258 s 254 s 6428 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1295 s 224 s 235 s 6517 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1339 s 230 s 244 s 6454 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1318 s 215 s 249 s 6478 s
0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (489.19921875 MB free)
Uptime: 335.8 sec
Load Avg: 12.32 12.19 15.51
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 544, in __init__
self.eval("include")(
RuntimeError: <exception str() failed>
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.01]: error
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Info: PyCall is already installed and compatible with Python executable.
│
│ PyCall:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
│ libpython:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
│ Python:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
└ libpython:
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1119 s 164 s 258 s 6507 s
0 s
#2 0 MHz 1208 s 224 s 293 s 6460 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1351 s 333 s 251 s 6321 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 245 s 301 s 6407 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1362 s 356 s 287 s 6259 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 358 s 294 s 6337 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1333 s 346 s 299 s 6272 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 349 s 248 s 6395 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1327 s 342 s 250 s 6355 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 296 s 262 s 6375 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1412 s 352 s 259 s 6260 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1330 s 265 s 258 s 6411 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1314 s 313 s 260 s 6398 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1307 s 355 s 250 s 6374 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1341 s 335 s 254 s 6346 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1345 s 404 s 249 s 6282 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1375 s 260 s 270 s 6358 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1328 s 323 s 256 s 6374 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1785 s 326 s 231 s 5946 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1326 s 346 s 322 s 6265 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1352 s 277 s 269 s 6384 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1536 s 232 s 297 s 6182 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1362 s 329 s 281 s 6283 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 248 s 292 s 6449 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1367 s 278 s 293 s 6305 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1347 s 183 s 255 s 6437 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1344 s 176 s 264 s 6475 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1425 s 218 s 261 s 6343 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1272 s 183 s 247 s 6553 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 138 s 255 s 6513 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1371 s 203 s 257 s 6424 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1331 s 199 s 250 s 6482 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1325 s 258 s 254 s 6430 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1298 s 224 s 235 s 6517 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1339 s 230 s 244 s 6457 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1318 s 215 s 249 s 6481 s
0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (488.1171875 MB free)
Uptime: 338.43 sec
Load Avg: 11.97 12.12 15.47
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 544, in __init__
self.eval("include")(
RuntimeError: <exception str() failed>
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.01]: error
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Info: PyCall is already installed and compatible with Python executable.
│
│ PyCall:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
│ libpython:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
│ Python:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
└ libpython:
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1119 s 164 s 258 s 6510 s
0 s
#2 0 MHz 1208 s 224 s 293 s 6463 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1351 s 333 s 251 s 6323 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 245 s 301 s 6410 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1363 s 356 s 287 s 6262 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 358 s 294 s 6340 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 346 s 299 s 6272 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1293 s 349 s 248 s 6398 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1329 s 342 s 250 s 6355 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 296 s 262 s 6378 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1412 s 352 s 259 s 6262 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1330 s 265 s 258 s 6413 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1314 s 313 s 260 s 6400 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1307 s 355 s 250 s 6377 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1341 s 335 s 254 s 6349 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1345 s 404 s 249 s 6285 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1376 s 260 s 270 s 6361 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1330 s 323 s 256 s 6375 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1786 s 326 s 231 s 5948 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1326 s 346 s 322 s 6267 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1353 s 277 s 269 s 6386 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1539 s 232 s 297 s 6182 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1362 s 329 s 281 s 6286 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 248 s 292 s 6451 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1367 s 278 s 293 s 6308 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1349 s 183 s 255 s 6438 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1344 s 176 s 264 s 6477 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1425 s 218 s 261 s 6346 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1273 s 183 s 247 s 6556 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 138 s 255 s 6516 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1371 s 203 s 257 s 6427 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1332 s 199 s 250 s 6484 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1326 s 258 s 254 s 6433 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1300 s 224 s 235 s 6517 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1339 s 230 s 244 s 6459 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1319 s 215 s 249 s 6483 s
0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (487.3359375 MB free)
Uptime: 341.17 sec
Load Avg: 11.97 12.12 15.47
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 544, in __init__
self.eval("include")(
RuntimeError: <exception str() failed>
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.01]: error
[ Info: Julia version info
[ Info: Julia executable:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/julia
[ Info: Trying to import PyCall...
┌ Info: PyCall is already installed and compatible with Python executable.
│
│ PyCall:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
│ libpython:
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
│ Python:
│ python: /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin/python3.12
└ libpython:
Julia Version 1.13.0
Commit d1c37793dd2 (2026-09-09 19:00 UTC)
Build Info:
https://github.com/conda-forge/julia-feedstock
Note: This is an unofficial build, please report bugs to the project
responsible for this build and not to the Julia project unless you can
reproduce the issue using official builds available at
https://julialang.org
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-conda-linux-gnu)
Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
uname: Linux 7.0.0-1012-aws #12-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Tue Aug 11 15:33:41 UTC
2026 x86_64 x86_64
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8223CL CPU @ 3.00GHz:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1119 s 164 s 258 s 6512 s
0 s
#2 0 MHz 1208 s 224 s 293 s 6466 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1351 s 333 s 251 s 6326 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1292 s 245 s 301 s 6413 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1363 s 356 s 287 s 6264 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 358 s 294 s 6342 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1338 s 346 s 299 s 6273 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1293 s 349 s 248 s 6400 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1331 s 342 s 250 s 6356 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1336 s 296 s 262 s 6380 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1412 s 352 s 259 s 6265 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1330 s 265 s 258 s 6416 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1314 s 313 s 260 s 6403 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1307 s 355 s 250 s 6379 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1341 s 335 s 254 s 6351 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1345 s 404 s 249 s 6288 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1376 s 260 s 270 s 6363 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1331 s 323 s 256 s 6376 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1786 s 326 s 231 s 5950 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1326 s 346 s 322 s 6270 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1355 s 277 s 269 s 6386 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1541 s 232 s 298 s 6182 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1362 s 329 s 281 s 6288 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1270 s 248 s 292 s 6454 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1367 s 278 s 293 s 6311 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1351 s 183 s 256 s 6439 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1345 s 176 s 264 s 6480 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1425 s 218 s 261 s 6348 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1273 s 183 s 247 s 6558 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1337 s 138 s 255 s 6518 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1371 s 203 s 257 s 6429 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1332 s 199 s 250 s 6486 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1327 s 258 s 254 s 6434 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1302 s 224 s 235 s 6518 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1339 s 230 s 244 s 6462 s
0 s
unknown:
speed user nice sys idle
irq
#1 0 MHz 1319 s 215 s 249 s 6486 s
0 s
Memory: 4.0 GB (490.54296875 MB free)
Uptime: 343.87 sec
Load Avg: 11.81 12.09 15.44
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, skylake-avx512)
GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 36 virtual cores)
Environment:
MAKEFLAGS =
MFLAGS =
PATH =
/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/conda
bin:/home/circleci/miniconda/bin:/home/circleci/bin:/home/circleci/.local/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOME = /home/circleci
TERM = dumb
R_HOME = /home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/R
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/utils/pdb_helpers.py", line 29, in
exception_handler
yield ctx
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/runner.py", line 144, in
run_one_to_cvg
skip, reason = solver._set_objective(objective)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/base.py", line 160, in _set_objective
self.set_objective(**objective_dict)
File
"/home/circleci/project/examples/temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/solvers/
julia_gd.py", line 21, in set_objective
jl = get_jl_interpreter()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/circleci/project/benchopt/helpers/julia.py", line 33, in
get_jl_interpreter
jl_interpreter = julia.Julia(**runtime_config)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 708, in __init__
self.__julia = Julia(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File
"/home/circleci/miniconda/envs/benchopt-docs/lib/python3.12/site-packages/juli
a/core.py", line 544, in __init__
self.eval("include")(
RuntimeError: <exception str() failed>
|--Julia-GD[lr=0.01]: error
Saving result in:
temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/outputs/benchopt_run_2026-09-21_11h14m57.
parquet
Rendering benchmark results...
Processing
temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/outputs/benchopt_run_2026-09-21_11h14m57.
parquet
done
Writing results to
temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/outputs/julia_solver_benchopt_run_2026-09
-21_11h14m57.html
Writing julia_solver index to
temp_benchmark_k3qtz9r7/julia_solver/outputs/julia_solver.html
Here, you see that the Julia solver is faster than the Python one. You also notice that the first iteration seems to take much longer than the other, hinting to a loading time for the solver.
Total running time of the script: (3 minutes 10.361 seconds)